| Octet |
A group of 8 bits in an IP address, separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.1.1 has 4 octets). |
| Subnet Mask |
A 32-bit number used to divide an IP address into network and host portions (e.g., 255.255.255.0). |
| Public IP |
An IP address assigned by an ISP that is routable on the internet. |
| Private IP |
An IP address reserved for internal networks, not routable on the internet (e.g., 192.168.x.x). |
| APIPA |
Automatic Private IP Addressing, 169.254.x.x range assigned when DHCP fails. |
| Loopback Address |
127.0.0.1, used for testing network functionality on the local machine. |
| Broadcast Address |
An address that sends data to all hosts on a subnet (e.g., 192.168.1.255). |
| Network Address |
The first address in a subnet, representing the network itself (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24). |
| Subnetting |
Dividing a large network into smaller, more manageable subnets. |
| Fixed Length Subnet Mask (FLSM) |
All subnets use the same subnet mask. |
| Variable-Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) |
Allows subnets to use different subnet masks for efficient IP allocation. |
| Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) |
A method of allocating IP addresses without relying on class-based rules. |
| ANDing |
A logical operation used to determine the network address by combining IP and subnet mask. |
| Supernetting |
Combining multiple networks into a larger address block, often used in route aggregation. |